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High Tider or "Hoi Toider" is a dialect of American English spoken in very limited communities of the South Atlantic United States—particularly, several small island and coastal townships of the rural North Carolina "Down East" seaside region that encompasses the Outer Banks and Pamlico Sound (specifically including Atlantic, Sea Level, and Harkers Island in eastern Carteret County, and also from Ocracoke) as well as of the Chesapeake Bay (such as Tangier and Smith Island). The term is also a nickname for any local resident of these regions. This dialect does not have one name uniformly used in the academic literature, but is referenced by a variety of names, including Hoi Toider, or, more restrictively, Down East, Ocracoke (Vernacular), Harkers Island, and Outer Banks English, dialect, brogue, or accent.〔Subtitles of articles by Walt Wolfram et al. commonly include such a range of terms, for example in "The Story of the Ocracoke Brogue" (1995), "The Invisible Outer Banks Dialect" (1996), "The Distinct Sounds of the 'Hoi Toide' Brogue" (2001), etc.〕 The Atlas of North American English does not consider High Tider English to be a subset of Southern English (due to not participating in the first stage of the Southern Vowel Shift), but it may share some commonalities as a dialectal member, at least partially, of the Southeastern super-dialect region. ==History== The term originates from a local colloquial jargon phrase that reflects the story told by an old fisherman: "High tide... can't fish." As a marker of pronunciation, the term "high tider" (sometimes phonetically spelled "hoi toider") began as a shibboleth to sharply differentiate speakers of this dialect from speakers of other Southern U.S. dialects. With a long history of geographical and economic isolation from mainland North Carolina, residents of Harkers Island and other Outer Banks islands, such as Ocracoke, and also extending to the town of Atlantic have developed a distinct dialect of English, commonly referred to as High tider, that can be traced back to influences directly of the Elizabethan period. The dialect of these island communities developed in almost complete isolation for over 250 years. High Tider English shares features with other regional dialects of the US Atlantic coast. Pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammatical constructions can be traced to eastern and southwestern England. The dialect has survived because the community continues to depend on traditional trades, like fishing, boat building, and decoy carving, and the coastal tourism trade developed on High Tider English much later than islands like Ocracoke.〔North Carolina Life and Language Project (2006). ''Linguistics at North Carolina State: Harkers Island''. Retrieved July 28, 2006.〕〔Linguistic Diversity in the South (2004). ''Linguistic Diversity in the South: Changing Codes, Practices and Ideology''. (University of Georgia Press: Bender, et al.)〕 As many as 500 islanders on Harkers Island are directly descended from the Harkers Island and Outer Banks settlers that developed this distinct dialect. Linguists from North Carolina State University, East Carolina University, and other academic institutions continue to conduct research on the island dialect.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「High Tider」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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